Attendance at religious services among third generation immigrants or higher

% of third generation immigrants or higher who attend religious services…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201436%33%31%1%27,244
200740%33%27%1%28,997
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never

Attendance at religious services among third generation immigrants or higher by religious group

% of third generation immigrants or higher who attend religious services…

Religious traditionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Buddhist18%48%33%1%163
Catholic37%41%21%1%4,670
Evangelical Protestant57%30%13%1%7,359
Historically Black Protestant53%37%10%1%1,697
Jehovah's Witness83%12%5%< 1%170
Jewish17%53%31%< 1%567
Mainline Protestant32%43%24%< 1%5,296
Mormon78%12%10%< 1%572
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")4%23%73%< 1%5,780
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are ages…

Attendance at religious services18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least once a week15%29%30%26%10,158
Once or twice a month/a few times a year22%35%29%14%8,440
Seldom/never24%35%26%15%8,040
Don't know13%25%29%34%123
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are…

Attendance at religious servicesYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least once a week9%10%25%36%18%2%10,158
Once or twice a month/a few times a year14%15%29%34%8%1%8,440
Seldom/never14%17%27%31%9%1%8,040
Don't know6%14%17%38%23%1%123
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are…

Attendance at religious servicesMenWomenSample size
At least once a week43%57%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year49%51%8,580
Seldom/never55%45%8,148
Don't know49%51%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who identify as…

Attendance at religious servicesWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least once a week75%17%< 1%4%4%10,215
Once or twice a month/a few times a year77%14%< 1%5%4%8,484
Seldom/never83%7%1%5%4%8,043
Don't know82%11%< 1%4%4%128
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who have a household income of…

Attendance at religious servicesLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least once a week31%21%31%17%8,896
Once or twice a month/a few times a year30%20%28%22%7,713
Seldom/never34%20%27%19%7,269
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who have completed…

Attendance at religious servicesHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least once a week38%33%18%11%10,323
Once or twice a month/a few times a year38%34%17%10%8,558
Seldom/never41%33%17%10%8,124
Don't know45%34%14%7%140
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are…

Attendance at religious servicesMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
At least once a week59%3%11%9%18%10,324
Once or twice a month/a few times a year47%8%14%6%25%8,549
Seldom/never41%11%15%6%28%8,116
Don't know40%7%9%20%24%137
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are…

Attendance at religious servicesParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least once a week29%71%10,333
Once or twice a month/a few times a year29%71%8,554
Seldom/never24%76%8,128
Don't know17%83%141
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say they…

Attendance at religious servicesBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least once a week90%8%1%1%< 1%< 1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year65%24%5%1%4%2%8,580
Seldom/never37%25%9%1%24%5%8,148
Don't know68%12%2%3%2%13%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say religion is…

Attendance at religious servicesVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least once a week90%8%1%< 1%< 1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year46%40%11%3%< 1%8,580
Seldom/never19%26%23%31%1%8,148
Don't know54%19%5%2%20%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who pray…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week85%11%1%2%1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year51%23%9%16%1%8,580
Seldom/never27%14%7%52%1%8,148
Don't know50%10%4%8%28%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who attend prayer group…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week59%13%9%19%1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year8%11%13%67%1%8,580
Seldom/never3%2%2%93%< 1%8,148
Don't know13%3%6%49%28%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who meditate…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week56%7%3%32%2%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year33%10%5%51%1%8,580
Seldom/never27%8%4%60%1%8,148
Don't know40%3%3%31%23%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week81%10%4%4%1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year53%20%13%14%1%8,580
Seldom/never41%15%11%32%1%8,148
Don't know60%6%4%7%23%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week49%17%10%23%2%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year42%17%14%26%1%8,580
Seldom/never44%15%13%27%1%8,148
Don't know39%9%7%27%19%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Attendance at religious servicesReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least once a week64%5%26%3%3%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year25%11%53%8%3%8,580
Seldom/never10%14%61%12%2%8,148
Don't know34%8%31%7%21%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say…

Attendance at religious servicesThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week50%48%2%1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year31%67%1%1%8,580
Seldom/never24%74%1%1%8,148
Don't know34%55%6%5%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who read scripture…

Attendance at religious servicesAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week71%10%5%13%1%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year23%15%13%48%< 1%8,580
Seldom/never9%5%6%79%< 1%8,148
Don't know34%5%7%23%30%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say the holy scripture is…

Attendance at religious servicesWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week52%32%4%7%5%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year25%33%2%31%8%8,580
Seldom/never12%17%1%62%8%8,148
Don't know30%17%9%14%30%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who …in heaven

Attendance at religious servicesBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week87%6%6%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year79%14%6%8,580
Seldom/never49%42%9%8,148
Don't know67%7%26%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who …in hell

Attendance at religious servicesBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week77%16%8%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year61%31%8%8,580
Seldom/never37%54%9%8,148
Don't know54%13%33%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who identify as…

Attendance at religious servicesRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least once a week52%13%34%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year40%15%45%8,580
Seldom/never30%20%50%8,148
Don't know26%47%26%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who are…

Attendance at religious servicesConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least once a week54%28%12%5%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year35%38%22%5%8,580
Seldom/never24%35%33%7%8,148
Don't know29%20%9%42%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who would rather have…

Attendance at religious servicesSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least once a week62%31%3%4%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year54%40%3%3%8,580
Seldom/never52%39%4%5%8,148
Don't know43%32%8%18%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say government aid to the poor…

Attendance at religious servicesDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week52%42%4%2%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year46%49%3%2%8,580
Seldom/never40%54%4%2%8,148
Don't know43%36%6%15%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say abortion should be…

Attendance at religious servicesLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least once a week32%64%4%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year60%36%4%8,580
Seldom/never71%24%4%8,148
Don't know38%41%20%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say homosexuality…

Attendance at religious servicesShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week38%54%5%4%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year69%24%4%3%8,580
Seldom/never78%16%3%3%8,148
Don't know37%31%8%24%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who …same-sex marriage

Attendance at religious servicesStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least once a week29%65%6%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year60%33%8%8,580
Seldom/never72%21%7%8,148
Don't know30%36%34%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say…

Attendance at religious servicesStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week46%48%3%3%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year38%58%2%2%8,580
Seldom/never32%62%3%3%8,148
Don't know34%40%8%18%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among third generation immigrants or higher by religious attendance

% of third generation immigrants or higher who say humans…

Attendance at religious servicesEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least once a week11%27%3%55%5%10,367
Once or twice a month/a few times a year32%31%4%30%3%8,580
Seldom/never55%19%5%18%4%8,148
Don't know20%14%17%35%14%149
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.