Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who pray daily by religious group
% of adults who pray daily who …in hell
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Buddhist
32%
63%
5%
110
Catholic
68%
24%
8%
4,335
Evangelical Protestant
84%
9%
7%
6,852
Hindu
35%
52%
13%
102
Historically Black Protestant
82%
12%
6%
1,538
Jehovah's Witness
7%
91%
3%
221
Jewish
46%
45%
9%
213
Mainline Protestant
66%
24%
10%
3,342
Mormon
62%
30%
8%
571
Muslim
81%
12%
6%
164
Orthodox Christian
69%
22%
9%
100
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
52%
39%
8%
1,333
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
17%
35%
29%
20%
13,117
Don't believe
16%
32%
30%
22%
4,144
Other/don't know
10%
31%
31%
28%
1,633
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
11%
12%
29%
34%
13%
1%
13,117
Don't believe
9%
12%
27%
36%
14%
2%
4,144
Other/don't know
5%
9%
27%
38%
19%
3%
1,633
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
42%
58%
13,384
Don't believe
36%
64%
4,247
Other/don't know
38%
62%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
62%
17%
2%
15%
4%
13,215
Don't believe
61%
12%
4%
18%
5%
4,172
Other/don't know
64%
13%
3%
15%
5%
1,652
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
14%
8%
78%
13,197
Don't believe
18%
12%
70%
4,201
Other/don't know
16%
8%
76%
1,675
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
38%
21%
26%
14%
11,576
Don't believe
36%
20%
25%
18%
3,709
Other/don't know
40%
16%
27%
17%
1,325
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
44%
33%
14%
8%
13,312
Don't believe
38%
31%
18%
14%
4,220
Other/don't know
41%
29%
17%
13%
1,689
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
52%
5%
14%
8%
20%
13,330
Don't believe
50%
8%
15%
8%
19%
4,223
Other/don't know
53%
5%
14%
11%
16%
1,690
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
32%
68%
13,336
Don't believe
29%
71%
4,239
Other/don't know
27%
73%
1,688
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
89%
9%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
13,384
Don't believe
72%
21%
4%
1%
2%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
81%
14%
2%
2%
< 1%
2%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
83%
14%
1%
1%
< 1%
13,384
Don't believe
63%
25%
7%
4%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
78%
16%
3%
2%
2%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
58%
29%
12%
< 1%
13,384
Don't believe
41%
35%
23%
< 1%
4,247
Other/don't know
51%
31%
17%
1%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who attend prayer group…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
13%
10%
33%
1%
13,384
Don't believe
30%
10%
9%
51%
< 1%
4,247
Other/don't know
35%
9%
10%
45%
1%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
54%
7%
3%
34%
2%
13,384
Don't believe
58%
7%
3%
30%
2%
4,247
Other/don't know
56%
6%
4%
30%
4%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
77%
12%
5%
5%
1%
13,384
Don't believe
73%
12%
7%
7%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
75%
10%
5%
7%
3%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
16%
11%
23%
2%
13,384
Don't believe
57%
14%
10%
18%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
54%
13%
9%
20%
4%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
56%
5%
33%
4%
2%
13,384
Don't believe
32%
13%
44%
8%
3%
4,247
Other/don't know
45%
6%
38%
4%
7%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
44%
53%
2%
1%
13,384
Don't believe
30%
67%
1%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
37%
57%
3%
3%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who read scripture…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
61%
12%
7%
19%
1%
13,384
Don't believe
43%
12%
8%
36%
1%
4,247
Other/don't know
54%
11%
6%
27%
2%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
31%
4%
9%
5%
13,384
Don't believe
23%
32%
2%
35%
8%
4,247
Other/don't know
34%
28%
8%
16%
15%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who …in heaven
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
95%
2%
3%
13,384
Don't believe
63%
30%
7%
4,247
Other/don't know
60%
3%
37%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
46%
16%
38%
13,384
Don't believe
29%
23%
48%
4,247
Other/don't know
38%
22%
40%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who are…
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
50%
29%
15%
6%
13,384
Don't believe
30%
33%
29%
8%
4,247
Other/don't know
42%
32%
16%
10%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who would rather have…
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
39%
3%
3%
13,384
Don't believe
47%
45%
4%
4%
4,247
Other/don't know
50%
36%
8%
7%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say government aid to the poor…
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
50%
44%
4%
2%
13,384
Don't believe
38%
56%
4%
2%
4,247
Other/don't know
41%
45%
8%
6%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
36%
60%
4%
13,384
Don't believe
58%
38%
5%
4,247
Other/don't know
40%
49%
11%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say homosexuality…
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
48%
5%
4%
13,384
Don't believe
68%
25%
4%
3%
4,247
Other/don't know
50%
34%
8%
8%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who …same-sex marriage
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
33%
59%
8%
13,384
Don't believe
61%
31%
8%
4,247
Other/don't know
41%
44%
16%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say…
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
45%
50%
2%
3%
13,384
Don't believe
33%
61%
3%
4%
4,247
Other/don't know
39%
47%
5%
8%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who pray daily by belief in hell
% of adults who pray daily who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
13%
28%
3%
51%
5%
13,384
Don't believe
28%
29%
4%
33%
5%
4,247
Other/don't know
15%
26%
8%
40%
12%
1,705
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.