Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who pray monthly by religious group
% of adults who pray monthly who …in hell
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Table
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Catholic
58%
36%
6%
485
Evangelical Protestant
76%
19%
5%
242
Mainline Protestant
54%
36%
10%
417
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
38%
53%
9%
480
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are ages…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
28%
37%
24%
11%
927
Don't believe
28%
36%
23%
13%
818
Other/don't know
16%
43%
24%
17%
158
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
19%
20%
27%
28%
6%
< 1%
927
Don't believe
17%
18%
28%
28%
8%
1%
818
Other/don't know
12%
15%
32%
29%
10%
2%
158
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
62%
38%
935
Don't believe
55%
45%
826
Other/don't know
56%
44%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who identify as…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
64%
12%
4%
18%
3%
931
Don't believe
67%
6%
7%
16%
3%
817
Other/don't know
66%
8%
4%
16%
7%
163
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
14%
10%
75%
922
Don't believe
21%
12%
67%
815
Other/don't know
11%
15%
74%
158
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
34%
20%
26%
20%
827
Don't believe
26%
17%
28%
28%
745
Other/don't know
38%
18%
20%
25%
145
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
50%
31%
11%
8%
934
Don't believe
32%
30%
22%
16%
821
Other/don't know
33%
36%
17%
13%
162
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
44%
12%
11%
4%
30%
934
Don't believe
47%
10%
8%
3%
31%
826
Other/don't know
51%
6%
17%
5%
21%
163
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
32%
68%
932
Don't believe
24%
76%
825
Other/don't know
29%
71%
163
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
49%
42%
6%
1%
1%
1%
935
Don't believe
30%
41%
16%
1%
10%
3%
826
Other/don't know
31%
43%
17%
< 1%
1%
7%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
27%
56%
13%
3%
1%
935
Don't believe
13%
50%
26%
11%
< 1%
826
Other/don't know
19%
50%
26%
3%
2%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
10%
58%
32%
< 1%
935
Don't believe
8%
54%
38%
< 1%
826
Other/don't know
4%
58%
37%
1%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who attend prayer group…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
4%
7%
9%
80%
< 1%
935
Don't believe
4%
5%
9%
82%
< 1%
826
Other/don't know
2%
5%
8%
84%
1%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
14%
13%
7%
65%
1%
935
Don't believe
24%
18%
9%
47%
2%
826
Other/don't know
18%
18%
8%
54%
2%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
33%
23%
18%
24%
2%
935
Don't believe
35%
24%
19%
22%
1%
826
Other/don't know
30%
19%
20%
29%
2%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
19%
21%
31%
1%
935
Don't believe
42%
17%
18%
22%
1%
826
Other/don't know
35%
20%
19%
23%
2%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
16%
12%
62%
8%
1%
935
Don't believe
7%
17%
60%
15%
1%
826
Other/don't know
4%
17%
63%
10%
6%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
70%
1%
< 1%
935
Don't believe
20%
79%
1%
1%
826
Other/don't know
25%
68%
6%
< 1%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who read scripture…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
5%
12%
15%
68%
< 1%
935
Don't believe
5%
7%
13%
75%
< 1%
826
Other/don't know
4%
10%
15%
71%
< 1%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
23%
38%
1%
31%
7%
935
Don't believe
5%
19%
1%
66%
8%
826
Other/don't know
9%
17%
4%
47%
24%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who …in heaven
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
95%
3%
1%
935
Don't believe
46%
47%
8%
826
Other/don't know
41%
2%
57%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who identify as…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
40%
20%
40%
935
Don't believe
28%
17%
55%
826
Other/don't know
26%
29%
46%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
31%
39%
23%
7%
935
Don't believe
18%
41%
37%
4%
826
Other/don't know
25%
34%
27%
14%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who would rather have…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
40%
1%
3%
935
Don't believe
46%
48%
3%
3%
826
Other/don't know
50%
38%
6%
7%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say government aid to the poor…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
43%
3%
2%
935
Don't believe
37%
59%
3%
1%
826
Other/don't know
35%
51%
4%
9%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say abortion should be…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
58%
39%
3%
935
Don't believe
73%
24%
3%
826
Other/don't know
67%
25%
8%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say homosexuality…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
69%
26%
3%
3%
935
Don't believe
84%
12%
2%
2%
826
Other/don't know
74%
12%
9%
5%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who …same-sex marriage
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
59%
33%
7%
935
Don't believe
77%
18%
5%
826
Other/don't know
63%
24%
13%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
42%
55%
2%
1%
935
Don't believe
27%
69%
2%
3%
826
Other/don't know
29%
61%
4%
6%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who pray monthly by belief in hell
% of adults who pray monthly who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
32%
33%
5%
28%
2%
935
Don't believe
58%
20%
4%
17%
2%
826
Other/don't know
44%
14%
14%
17%
10%
166
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.