| Survey year | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 54% | 41% | 2% | 3% | 19,167 |
| 2007 | 42% | 48% | 4% | 6% | 20,461 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services
Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by religious group
% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…
| Religious tradition | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 49% | 46% | 2% | 3% | 4,475 |
| Evangelical Protestant | 64% | 30% | 3% | 3% | 6,978 |
| Historically Black Protestant | 23% | 70% | 3% | 4% | 1,557 |
| Jewish | 52% | 45% | 2% | 1% | 144 |
| Mainline Protestant | 61% | 33% | 3% | 3% | 3,327 |
| Mormon | 76% | 21% | 1% | 2% | 381 |
| Muslim | 22% | 74% | 3% | 1% | 173 |
| Orthodox Christian | 65% | 34% | 1% | < 1% | 101 |
| Unaffiliated (religious "nones") | 45% | 50% | 2% | 4% | 1,699 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…
| Views about size of government | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 17% | 34% | 29% | 20% | 11,167 |
| Bigger government; more services | 28% | 35% | 24% | 13% | 6,574 |
| Depends | 11% | 39% | 32% | 18% | 462 |
| Don't know | 19% | 29% | 26% | 26% | 611 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by age group
Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 11% | 12% | 29% | 35% | 13% | 1% | 11,167 |
| Bigger government; more services | 18% | 17% | 28% | 28% | 8% | 1% | 6,574 |
| Depends | 5% | 14% | 31% | 37% | 11% | 2% | 462 |
| Don't know | 9% | 15% | 24% | 33% | 17% | 2% | 611 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Men | Women | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 54% | 46% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 40% | 60% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 46% | 54% | 482 |
| Don't know | 37% | 63% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by gender
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…
| Views about size of government | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 81% | 6% | 2% | 8% | 3% | 11,222 |
| Bigger government; more services | 41% | 26% | 4% | 26% | 4% | 6,626 |
| Depends | 59% | 16% | 2% | 18% | 5% | 475 |
| Don't know | 65% | 14% | 1% | 13% | 7% | 618 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 7% | 8% | 85% | 11,263 |
| Bigger government; more services | 24% | 10% | 66% | 6,544 |
| Depends | 15% | 9% | 76% | 471 |
| Don't know | 12% | 6% | 82% | 615 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…
| Views about size of government | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 26% | 22% | 32% | 20% | 9,964 |
| Bigger government; more services | 54% | 20% | 18% | 9% | 5,844 |
| Depends | 43% | 23% | 24% | 10% | 380 |
| Don't know | 46% | 22% | 24% | 8% | 462 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…
| Views about size of government | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 38% | 36% | 18% | 9% | 11,315 |
| Bigger government; more services | 55% | 29% | 10% | 6% | 6,643 |
| Depends | 42% | 39% | 12% | 7% | 475 |
| Don't know | 54% | 34% | 8% | 4% | 629 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 59% | 5% | 11% | 7% | 19% | 11,334 |
| Bigger government; more services | 37% | 9% | 16% | 7% | 32% | 6,659 |
| Depends | 53% | 6% | 14% | 10% | 17% | 476 |
| Don't know | 49% | 4% | 16% | 11% | 20% | 624 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 30% | 70% | 11,329 |
| Bigger government; more services | 34% | 66% | 6,658 |
| Depends | 33% | 67% | 478 |
| Don't know | 28% | 72% | 629 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…
| Views about size of government | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 82% | 15% | 2% | < 1% | 1% | < 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 75% | 20% | 3% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 82% | 14% | 2% | 1% | < 1% | 1% | 482 |
| Don't know | 77% | 14% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…
| Views about size of government | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 69% | 24% | 5% | 2% | < 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 68% | 24% | 6% | 3% | < 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 73% | 20% | 5% | 2% | 1% | 482 |
| Don't know | 71% | 19% | 5% | 3% | 2% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 49% | 33% | 17% | < 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 42% | 37% | 20% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 48% | 32% | 19% | 1% | 482 |
| Don't know | 44% | 27% | 28% | 2% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…
| Views about size of government | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 70% | 16% | 5% | 8% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 66% | 17% | 5% | 11% | < 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 73% | 17% | 3% | 6% | 2% | 482 |
| Don't know | 69% | 14% | 5% | 9% | 3% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 34% | 11% | 10% | 45% | < 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 31% | 13% | 10% | 46% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 32% | 11% | 8% | 48% | 1% | 482 |
| Don't know | 31% | 8% | 7% | 52% | 3% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 43% | 7% | 4% | 45% | 2% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 44% | 9% | 4% | 42% | 2% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 52% | 9% | 4% | 33% | 3% | 482 |
| Don't know | 47% | 5% | 2% | 41% | 6% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 67% | 14% | 8% | 10% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 63% | 15% | 9% | 12% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 70% | 10% | 7% | 10% | 2% | 482 |
| Don't know | 65% | 12% | 6% | 12% | 4% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 44% | 17% | 12% | 25% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 42% | 16% | 13% | 27% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 47% | 10% | 9% | 28% | 6% | 482 |
| Don't know | 45% | 12% | 10% | 29% | 4% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Views about size of government | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 49% | 6% | 39% | 4% | 2% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 41% | 8% | 42% | 8% | 2% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 45% | 9% | 38% | 2% | 7% | 482 |
| Don't know | 41% | 5% | 41% | 3% | 9% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say…
| Views about size of government | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 50% | 48% | 1% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 27% | 71% | 1% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 33% | 57% | 7% | 3% | 482 |
| Don't know | 32% | 64% | 2% | 2% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…
| Views about size of government | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 48% | 12% | 9% | 31% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 44% | 13% | 9% | 34% | 1% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 50% | 9% | 8% | 31% | 2% | 482 |
| Don't know | 46% | 11% | 7% | 33% | 3% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…
| Views about size of government | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 41% | 36% | 3% | 15% | 5% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 48% | 29% | 3% | 16% | 5% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 39% | 26% | 7% | 14% | 14% | 482 |
| Don't know | 38% | 23% | 10% | 13% | 16% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven
| Views about size of government | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 95% | 2% | 3% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 96% | 3% | 2% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 93% | 3% | 5% | 482 |
| Don't know | 94% | 2% | 4% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…
| Views about size of government | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 63% | 13% | 23% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 22% | 19% | 59% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 26% | 29% | 45% | 482 |
| Don't know | 23% | 35% | 42% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
| Views about size of government | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 58% | 29% | 9% | 4% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 30% | 35% | 27% | 7% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 27% | 39% | 18% | 15% | 482 |
| Don't know | 31% | 34% | 16% | 19% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…
| Views about size of government | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 67% | 28% | 3% | 1% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 29% | 66% | 3% | 2% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 33% | 44% | 20% | 3% | 482 |
| Don't know | 32% | 48% | 9% | 12% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…
| Views about size of government | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 37% | 60% | 3% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 49% | 47% | 4% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 44% | 43% | 13% | 482 |
| Don't know | 42% | 42% | 16% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…
| Views about size of government | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 44% | 48% | 4% | 3% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 61% | 33% | 3% | 3% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 49% | 33% | 12% | 7% | 482 |
| Don't know | 43% | 36% | 9% | 12% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage
| Views about size of government | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 34% | 59% | 7% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 50% | 43% | 7% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 38% | 44% | 18% | 482 |
| Don't know | 38% | 41% | 21% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say…
| Views about size of government | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 54% | 42% | 2% | 2% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 33% | 63% | 1% | 3% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 24% | 59% | 10% | 7% | 482 |
| Don't know | 30% | 50% | 7% | 14% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by views about size of government
% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…
| Views about size of government | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smaller government; fewer services | 16% | 30% | 3% | 48% | 4% | 11,370 |
| Bigger government; more services | 24% | 30% | 3% | 40% | 4% | 6,682 |
| Depends | 15% | 28% | 5% | 41% | 10% | 482 |
| Don't know | 16% | 22% | 11% | 35% | 17% | 633 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
