Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults living with a partner

% of adults living with a partner who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201448%16%13%22%1%2,128
200739%14%14%30%3%1,753
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults living with a partner by religious group

% of adults living with a partner who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Religious traditionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Catholic45%18%15%22%1%455
Evangelical Protestant49%17%14%19%1%333
Mainline Protestant48%12%17%23%< 1%261
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")50%16%12%21%1%779
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are ages…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least once a week37%40%17%5%1,011
Once or twice a month44%40%14%3%343
Several times a year34%42%19%5%283
Seldom/never28%47%17%8%450
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least once a week19%29%29%20%3%< 1%1,011
Once or twice a month21%34%29%15%2%< 1%343
Several times a year18%24%34%21%3%< 1%283
Seldom/never13%29%33%19%5%< 1%450
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeMenWomenSample size
At least once a week52%48%1,024
Once or twice a month47%53%345
Several times a year47%53%286
Seldom/never44%56%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who identify as…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least once a week58%10%2%24%6%1,015
Once or twice a month64%10%3%18%4%343
Several times a year63%5%4%24%4%286
Seldom/never57%17%3%20%3%451
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least once a week17%13%70%1,011
Once or twice a month15%11%74%341
Several times a year18%11%71%284
Seldom/never18%9%73%449
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who have a household income of…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least once a week47%22%20%12%945
Once or twice a month39%22%22%17%318
Several times a year34%27%25%15%266
Seldom/never47%23%19%11%420
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who have completed…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least once a week38%38%17%7%1,020
Once or twice a month40%30%15%14%344
Several times a year40%32%16%11%284
Seldom/never52%30%12%6%451
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least once a week32%68%1,022
Once or twice a month36%64%344
Several times a year34%66%285
Seldom/never40%60%455
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say they…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least once a week48%25%8%1%16%2%1,024
Once or twice a month45%28%7%1%16%3%345
Several times a year44%34%8%< 1%10%3%286
Seldom/never52%26%7%1%13%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say religion is…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least once a week39%30%12%18%< 1%1,024
Once or twice a month29%37%15%18%1%345
Several times a year32%36%16%15%< 1%286
Seldom/never36%34%14%15%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who attend religious services…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week18%36%45%1%1,024
Once or twice a month18%36%45%< 1%345
Several times a year12%42%45%< 1%286
Seldom/never14%41%44%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who pray…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week47%17%6%30%< 1%1,024
Once or twice a month39%17%10%34%< 1%345
Several times a year38%15%16%31%< 1%286
Seldom/never41%16%7%36%< 1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who attend prayer group…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week15%10%7%67%1%1,024
Once or twice a month15%11%7%67%< 1%345
Several times a year7%4%8%81%< 1%286
Seldom/never9%5%11%75%< 1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who meditate…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week46%9%4%40%1%1,024
Once or twice a month31%12%7%50%< 1%345
Several times a year25%14%10%50%1%286
Seldom/never22%6%4%67%< 1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week65%15%6%13%1%1,024
Once or twice a month46%23%13%17%1%345
Several times a year34%19%25%21%1%286
Seldom/never36%17%9%37%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least once a week18%18%51%12%1%1,024
Once or twice a month15%14%60%11%1%345
Several times a year17%14%58%9%2%286
Seldom/never22%6%59%11%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week23%74%2%1%1,024
Once or twice a month23%77%< 1%< 1%345
Several times a year24%75%1%< 1%286
Seldom/never23%75%1%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who read scripture…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week26%12%8%54%< 1%1,024
Once or twice a month22%14%8%57%< 1%345
Several times a year13%10%8%68%< 1%286
Seldom/never17%9%8%65%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week21%18%1%51%9%1,024
Once or twice a month20%18%2%53%7%345
Several times a year17%26%1%45%11%286
Seldom/never27%27%1%41%5%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who …in heaven

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week60%32%8%1,024
Once or twice a month62%32%7%345
Several times a year71%23%6%286
Seldom/never72%23%4%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who …in hell

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week45%47%8%1,024
Once or twice a month47%47%7%345
Several times a year55%38%7%286
Seldom/never59%34%7%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who identify as…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least once a week23%24%53%1,024
Once or twice a month22%18%60%345
Several times a year36%22%43%286
Seldom/never28%23%49%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who are…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least once a week24%33%36%7%1,024
Once or twice a month20%35%42%3%345
Several times a year22%40%31%7%286
Seldom/never32%34%27%6%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who would rather have…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least once a week42%50%4%4%1,024
Once or twice a month38%56%2%5%345
Several times a year45%49%3%3%286
Seldom/never41%56%1%2%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week34%60%4%2%1,024
Once or twice a month36%58%5%2%345
Several times a year38%57%4%2%286
Seldom/never41%55%3%< 1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say abortion should be…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least once a week61%34%5%1,024
Once or twice a month70%28%2%345
Several times a year65%31%4%286
Seldom/never65%31%4%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say homosexuality…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week77%17%3%3%1,024
Once or twice a month85%12%3%< 1%345
Several times a year81%13%5%1%286
Seldom/never77%15%5%3%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least once a week73%20%7%1,024
Once or twice a month79%18%3%345
Several times a year74%20%5%286
Seldom/never64%28%7%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week29%67%2%2%1,024
Once or twice a month31%65%2%2%345
Several times a year31%63%3%3%286
Seldom/never39%59%1%1%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults living with a partner by frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe

% of adults living with a partner who say humans…

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universeEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least once a week45%25%3%24%2%1,024
Once or twice a month50%30%3%14%3%345
Several times a year43%29%5%22%2%286
Seldom/never46%24%2%26%3%456
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.