Frequency of prayer among republicans and Republican leaners

% of republicans and Republican leaners who pray…

Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201462%16%5%16%1%13,731
200764%17%5%13%1%13,366
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seldom/never

Frequency of prayer among republicans and Republican leaners by religious group

% of republicans and Republican leaners who pray…

Religious traditionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Catholic60%20%7%12%1%2,926
Evangelical Protestant82%12%3%3%< 1%5,056
Historically Black Protestant76%19%4%1%1%175
Jewish47%16%6%31%1%200
Mainline Protestant55%24%7%13%1%2,750
Mormon90%5%2%3%< 1%481
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")20%13%7%59%< 1%1,734
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least daily, Weekly, Monthly, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are ages…

Frequency of prayer18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least daily16%32%30%22%8,573
Weekly22%33%26%18%2,081
Monthly22%37%27%14%699
Seldom/never28%35%22%15%2,053
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least daily10%11%27%35%15%1%8,573
Weekly14%13%28%32%12%1%2,081
Monthly17%15%28%33%8%< 1%699
Seldom/never19%17%27%26%10%1%2,053
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerMenWomenSample size
At least daily46%54%8,739
Weekly57%43%2,105
Monthly66%34%705
Seldom/never75%25%2,079
Don't know46%54%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who identify as…

Frequency of prayerWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least daily83%3%2%9%3%8,624
Weekly83%3%3%9%2%2,084
Monthly79%3%3%12%2%698
Seldom/never82%1%5%9%3%2,052
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least daily8%8%84%8,667
Weekly9%8%83%2,093
Monthly9%10%80%701
Seldom/never11%11%78%2,063
Don't know17%8%75%100
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who have a household income of…

Frequency of prayerLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least daily26%21%32%21%7,583
Weekly24%20%31%25%1,881
Monthly21%18%33%28%640
Seldom/never21%22%30%28%1,870
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who have completed…

Frequency of prayerHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least daily37%35%19%10%8,708
Weekly40%32%19%9%2,098
Monthly44%33%15%9%702
Seldom/never41%30%18%11%2,074
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
At least daily62%4%11%7%16%8,711
Weekly55%6%10%5%23%2,102
Monthly51%12%10%3%24%705
Seldom/never48%8%10%4%30%2,070
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least daily30%70%8,713
Weekly30%70%2,096
Monthly29%71%703
Seldom/never24%76%2,072
Don't know16%84%101
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say they…

Frequency of prayerBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least daily90%9%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%8,739
Weekly68%28%2%< 1%1%1%2,105
Monthly45%43%6%1%3%1%705
Seldom/never21%32%14%1%27%7%2,079
Don't know68%14%2%7%1%9%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say religion is…

Frequency of prayerVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least daily83%13%2%1%< 1%8,739
Weekly45%47%6%2%< 1%2,105
Monthly16%61%19%3%1%705
Seldom/never7%27%34%31%1%2,079
Don't know57%31%3%4%5%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who attend religious services…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily62%27%11%< 1%8,739
Weekly29%49%22%< 1%2,105
Monthly8%59%33%1%705
Seldom/never5%28%68%< 1%2,079
Don't know32%29%32%6%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who attend prayer group…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily44%13%10%33%< 1%8,739
Weekly13%11%11%66%< 1%2,105
Monthly3%4%8%85%< 1%705
Seldom/never1%1%2%95%< 1%2,079
Don't know13%9%9%50%19%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who meditate…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily53%6%3%36%2%8,739
Weekly26%11%5%57%1%2,105
Monthly14%13%7%66%< 1%705
Seldom/never13%7%3%76%1%2,079
Don't know27%12%2%40%19%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily78%12%5%4%1%8,739
Weekly49%24%14%12%1%2,105
Monthly27%24%20%27%1%705
Seldom/never25%14%13%46%1%2,079
Don't know50%13%11%16%10%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily50%16%11%21%1%8,739
Weekly34%19%16%29%1%2,105
Monthly31%17%20%31%1%705
Seldom/never33%16%15%34%1%2,079
Don't know42%12%10%30%6%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of prayerReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least daily61%5%29%3%2%8,739
Weekly26%11%54%7%2%2,105
Monthly12%14%66%8%1%705
Seldom/never6%13%66%14%1%2,079
Don't know30%4%56%5%6%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say…

Frequency of prayerThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily56%42%2%1%8,739
Weekly39%59%1%1%2,105
Monthly33%65%1%< 1%705
Seldom/never28%71%1%< 1%2,079
Don't know46%47%4%3%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who read scripture…

Frequency of prayerAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least daily62%12%6%19%1%8,739
Weekly19%15%15%51%< 1%2,105
Monthly4%9%14%74%< 1%705
Seldom/never3%2%5%91%< 1%2,079
Don't know18%17%12%41%13%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of prayerWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily48%34%4%9%5%8,739
Weekly25%44%2%23%6%2,105
Monthly15%37%1%39%8%705
Seldom/never8%16%< 1%69%7%2,079
Don't know23%20%9%16%32%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who …in heaven

Frequency of prayerBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily88%6%6%8,739
Weekly87%8%5%2,105
Monthly80%14%6%705
Seldom/never42%48%10%2,079
Don't know61%12%27%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who …in hell

Frequency of prayerBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least daily79%14%7%8,739
Weekly68%25%8%2,105
Monthly61%33%6%705
Seldom/never32%59%9%2,079
Don't know52%19%29%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Political ideology among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…

Frequency of prayerConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
At least daily69%23%6%2%8,739
Weekly54%36%8%2%2,105
Monthly48%36%13%3%705
Seldom/never44%42%12%3%2,079
Don't know63%21%1%15%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who would rather have…

Frequency of prayerSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least daily78%18%2%2%8,739
Weekly76%22%1%1%2,105
Monthly77%22%< 1%1%705
Seldom/never78%20%1%1%2,079
Don't know71%21%3%5%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of prayerDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily68%26%4%2%8,739
Weekly69%27%3%2%2,105
Monthly70%26%3%1%705
Seldom/never70%26%3%1%2,079
Don't know57%33%5%5%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say abortion should be…

Frequency of prayerLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least daily28%69%3%8,739
Weekly45%52%3%2,105
Monthly57%41%3%705
Seldom/never68%29%3%2,079
Don't know44%35%21%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say homosexuality…

Frequency of prayerShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily37%55%4%3%8,739
Weekly60%33%4%4%2,105
Monthly69%26%2%3%705
Seldom/never74%20%4%2%2,079
Don't know41%35%9%15%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of prayerStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least daily27%67%6%8,739
Weekly46%46%8%2,105
Monthly56%36%8%705
Seldom/never64%29%7%2,079
Don't know22%51%26%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say…

Frequency of prayerStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least daily57%38%2%3%8,739
Weekly55%42%2%2%2,105
Monthly54%42%2%2%705
Seldom/never53%43%2%2%2,079
Don't know46%32%10%11%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among republicans and Republican leaners by frequency of prayer

% of republicans and Republican leaners who say humans…

Frequency of prayerEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least daily10%27%2%56%5%8,739
Weekly24%37%4%31%3%2,105
Monthly38%32%3%23%3%705
Seldom/never63%15%4%16%2%2,079
Don't know18%22%10%32%18%103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.