Immigrant status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by religious group
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Religious tradition
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Catholic
44%
14%
41%
1,517
Evangelical Protestant
9%
6%
85%
4,692
Historically Black Protestant
7%
2%
91%
1,071
Jehovah's Witness
32%
9%
59%
105
Mainline Protestant
9%
5%
86%
1,251
Mormon
15%
5%
80%
206
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
23%
5%
72%
529
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are ages…
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Immigrant status
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Immigrants
16%
50%
23%
11%
1,243
Second generation
29%
29%
20%
23%
684
Third generation or higher
13%
31%
33%
24%
7,527
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Immigrant status
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Immigrants
8%
19%
40%
26%
7%
< 1%
1,243
Second generation
20%
14%
24%
23%
15%
4%
684
Third generation or higher
8%
9%
27%
39%
16%
2%
7,527
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Immigrant status
Men
Women
Sample size
Immigrants
46%
54%
1,264
Second generation
40%
60%
699
Third generation or higher
43%
57%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who identify as…
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Immigrant status
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Immigrants
8%
11%
11%
69%
1%
1,255
Second generation
45%
8%
3%
41%
3%
692
Third generation or higher
69%
22%
< 1%
4%
4%
7,586
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who have a household income of…
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Immigrant status
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Immigrants
65%
19%
10%
6%
1,022
Second generation
49%
21%
22%
9%
602
Third generation or higher
42%
23%
24%
11%
6,602
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who have completed…
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Immigrant status
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Immigrants
69%
17%
10%
5%
1,254
Second generation
52%
34%
9%
4%
696
Third generation or higher
53%
32%
11%
5%
7,646
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Immigrant status
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Immigrants
53%
9%
15%
4%
18%
1,260
Second generation
40%
7%
15%
11%
26%
695
Third generation or higher
52%
4%
15%
10%
19%
7,649
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Immigrant status
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Immigrants
47%
53%
1,259
Second generation
29%
71%
698
Third generation or higher
27%
73%
7,656
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say they…
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Immigrant status
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Immigrants
69%
28%
2%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
1,264
Second generation
90%
7%
1%
1%
1%
< 1%
699
Third generation or higher
93%
6%
1%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say religion is…
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Immigrant status
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
85%
12%
2%
1%
< 1%
1,264
Second generation
80%
15%
2%
2%
< 1%
699
Third generation or higher
85%
12%
2%
1%
< 1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who attend religious services…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
59%
28%
13%
< 1%
1,264
Second generation
56%
31%
12%
< 1%
699
Third generation or higher
61%
26%
12%
1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who pray…
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Immigrant status
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
76%
14%
4%
6%
1%
1,264
Second generation
77%
14%
4%
5%
< 1%
699
Third generation or higher
82%
12%
2%
4%
< 1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who attend prayer group…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
45%
15%
9%
30%
1%
1,264
Second generation
39%
15%
9%
36%
1%
699
Third generation or higher
47%
13%
9%
30%
1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who meditate…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
61%
10%
4%
21%
4%
1,264
Second generation
53%
5%
2%
38%
2%
699
Third generation or higher
51%
6%
3%
38%
2%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
73%
11%
7%
7%
2%
1,264
Second generation
71%
13%
7%
8%
1%
699
Third generation or higher
77%
10%
5%
7%
1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
54%
13%
13%
17%
3%
1,264
Second generation
49%
14%
12%
24%
2%
699
Third generation or higher
44%
14%
10%
29%
2%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Immigrant status
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
53%
6%
28%
12%
2%
1,264
Second generation
55%
6%
31%
7%
2%
699
Third generation or higher
62%
4%
30%
3%
2%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say…
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Immigrant status
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
32%
64%
1%
3%
1,264
Second generation
41%
57%
1%
1%
699
Third generation or higher
49%
49%
1%
1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who read scripture…
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Immigrant status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
57%
13%
7%
23%
1%
1,264
Second generation
58%
11%
9%
21%
1%
699
Third generation or higher
65%
11%
6%
18%
1%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who …in heaven
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Immigrant status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
88%
7%
5%
1,264
Second generation
92%
5%
3%
699
Third generation or higher
91%
4%
5%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who …in hell
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Immigrant status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
74%
19%
7%
1,264
Second generation
79%
15%
6%
699
Third generation or higher
84%
10%
6%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who identify as…
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Immigrant status
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Immigrants
21%
35%
43%
1,264
Second generation
41%
15%
43%
699
Third generation or higher
50%
14%
36%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who are…
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Immigrant status
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
39%
24%
27%
10%
1,264
Second generation
48%
29%
17%
5%
699
Third generation or higher
57%
25%
12%
7%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who would rather have…
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Immigrant status
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
19%
76%
2%
3%
1,264
Second generation
47%
49%
2%
2%
699
Third generation or higher
57%
38%
2%
3%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say government aid to the poor…
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Immigrant status
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
38%
55%
4%
3%
1,264
Second generation
49%
46%
3%
2%
699
Third generation or higher
53%
42%
4%
2%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say abortion should be…
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Immigrant status
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
30%
65%
5%
1,264
Second generation
37%
57%
6%
699
Third generation or higher
31%
65%
4%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say homosexuality…
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Immigrant status
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
48%
43%
4%
5%
1,264
Second generation
45%
46%
3%
6%
699
Third generation or higher
33%
59%
4%
4%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who …same-sex marriage
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Immigrant status
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
35%
55%
10%
1,264
Second generation
35%
55%
9%
699
Third generation or higher
23%
70%
7%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say…
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Immigrant status
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
38%
53%
2%
7%
1,264
Second generation
47%
47%
2%
4%
699
Third generation or higher
51%
43%
3%
4%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally by immigrant status
% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God and should be taken literally who say humans…
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Immigrant status
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Immigrants
19%
24%
3%
48%
6%
1,264
Second generation
17%
24%
1%
53%
5%
699
Third generation or higher
10%
22%
2%
62%
5%
7,682
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.