| Survey year | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 69% | 24% | 8% | 13,731 |
| 2007 | 68% | 22% | 10% | 13,366 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Believe, Don't believe
Belief in Hell among republicans and Republican leaners by religious group
% of republicans and Republican leaners who …in hell
| Religious tradition | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 69% | 24% | 6% | 2,926 |
| Evangelical Protestant | 85% | 8% | 7% | 5,056 |
| Historically Black Protestant | 86% | 10% | 4% | 175 |
| Jewish | 38% | 54% | 8% | 200 |
| Mainline Protestant | 66% | 24% | 9% | 2,750 |
| Mormon | 66% | 28% | 6% | 481 |
| Unaffiliated (religious "nones") | 33% | 58% | 9% | 1,734 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Believe, Don't believe
Switch Display To: religious group among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are ages…
| Belief in Hell | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 19% | 34% | 28% | 19% | 9,041 |
| Don't believe | 21% | 33% | 26% | 21% | 3,347 |
| Other/don't know | 11% | 29% | 31% | 28% | 1,115 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by age group
Generational cohort among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 13% | 12% | 28% | 33% | 13% | 1% | 9,041 |
| Don't believe | 13% | 14% | 26% | 32% | 13% | 2% | 3,347 |
| Other/don't know | 7% | 9% | 25% | 38% | 19% | 2% | 1,115 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Men | Women | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 52% | 48% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 58% | 42% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 49% | 51% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by gender
Racial and ethnic composition among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who identify as…
| Belief in Hell | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 83% | 3% | 2% | 9% | 3% | 9,082 |
| Don't believe | 82% | 2% | 3% | 9% | 3% | 3,349 |
| Other/don't know | 85% | 2% | 2% | 7% | 4% | 1,126 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by race/ethnicity
Immigrant status among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 8% | 7% | 85% | 9,103 |
| Don't believe | 11% | 12% | 77% | 3,373 |
| Other/don't know | 8% | 8% | 84% | 1,148 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by immigrant status
Income distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who have a household income of…
| Belief in Hell | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 26% | 21% | 32% | 21% | 8,093 |
| Don't believe | 22% | 21% | 29% | 28% | 3,007 |
| Other/don't know | 23% | 18% | 32% | 27% | 927 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by household income
Educational distribution among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who have completed…
| Belief in Hell | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 39% | 34% | 18% | 8% | 9,146 |
| Don't believe | 37% | 31% | 19% | 13% | 3,385 |
| Other/don't know | 35% | 30% | 22% | 13% | 1,149 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by educational group
Marital status among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 60% | 5% | 10% | 6% | 19% | 9,159 |
| Don't believe | 53% | 7% | 12% | 6% | 23% | 3,381 |
| Other/don't know | 61% | 5% | 11% | 10% | 13% | 1,147 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by marital status
Parent of children under 18 among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 31% | 69% | 9,149 |
| Don't believe | 26% | 74% | 3,384 |
| Other/don't know | 25% | 75% | 1,152 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by parental status
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say they…
| Belief in Hell | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 83% | 14% | 2% | < 1% | 1% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 45% | 26% | 8% | 1% | 17% | 3% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 66% | 20% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 7% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in God
Importance of religion in one's life among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say religion is…
| Belief in Hell | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 72% | 22% | 5% | 1% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 33% | 28% | 20% | 19% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 57% | 24% | 10% | 7% | 2% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who attend religious services…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 53% | 31% | 15% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 22% | 34% | 44% | < 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 40% | 31% | 28% | 1% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who pray…
| Belief in Hell | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 72% | 16% | 5% | 7% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 37% | 16% | 7% | 39% | < 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 59% | 16% | 4% | 19% | 2% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who attend prayer group…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 36% | 12% | 10% | 41% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 13% | 6% | 6% | 74% | < 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 27% | 7% | 6% | 58% | 1% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who meditate…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 42% | 7% | 3% | 46% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 33% | 9% | 4% | 53% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 40% | 7% | 5% | 43% | 4% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 67% | 15% | 8% | 9% | 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 48% | 15% | 10% | 26% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 61% | 12% | 9% | 16% | 2% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 44% | 17% | 13% | 25% | 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 44% | 15% | 14% | 26% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 44% | 17% | 13% | 22% | 3% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Belief in Hell | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 54% | 6% | 35% | 4% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 19% | 13% | 56% | 10% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 36% | 9% | 44% | 5% | 6% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say…
| Belief in Hell | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 52% | 45% | 1% | 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 34% | 64% | 1% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 45% | 51% | 2% | 2% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who read scripture…
| Belief in Hell | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 51% | 12% | 8% | 29% | < 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 21% | 8% | 7% | 64% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 40% | 9% | 6% | 44% | 1% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say the holy scripture is…
| Belief in Hell | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 45% | 36% | 3% | 11% | 4% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 13% | 25% | 1% | 54% | 6% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 27% | 30% | 5% | 23% | 15% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who …in heaven
| Belief in Hell | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 94% | 2% | 3% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 48% | 47% | 5% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 51% | 5% | 44% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: belief in hell among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in heaven
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Political ideology among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who are…
| Belief in Hell | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 67% | 25% | 6% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 48% | 39% | 11% | 2% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 61% | 28% | 7% | 4% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who would rather have…
| Belief in Hell | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 77% | 20% | 1% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 79% | 18% | 1% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 80% | 13% | 3% | 3% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say government aid to the poor…
| Belief in Hell | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 70% | 26% | 3% | 1% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 68% | 28% | 3% | 1% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 65% | 24% | 7% | 4% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say abortion should be…
| Belief in Hell | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 31% | 67% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 60% | 36% | 4% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 38% | 55% | 8% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say homosexuality…
| Belief in Hell | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 41% | 52% | 4% | 3% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 70% | 23% | 4% | 3% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 47% | 40% | 7% | 6% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who …same-sex marriage
| Belief in Hell | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 30% | 64% | 6% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 60% | 33% | 8% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 34% | 53% | 13% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say…
| Belief in Hell | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 57% | 39% | 2% | 2% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 52% | 43% | 2% | 2% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 58% | 32% | 4% | 6% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among republicans and Republican leaners by belief in hell
% of republicans and Republican leaners who say humans…
| Belief in Hell | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Believe | 14% | 28% | 2% | 51% | 4% | 9,176 |
| Don't believe | 46% | 23% | 4% | 25% | 3% | 3,396 |
| Other/don't know | 22% | 24% | 7% | 37% | 10% | 1,159 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
