| Survey year | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 35% | 58% | 3% | 4% | 498 |
| 2007 | 31% | 61% | 4% | 3% | 564 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: Should be accepted, Should be discouraged
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are ages…
| Views about homosexuality | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 31% | 35% | 25% | 10% | 170 |
| Should be discouraged | 16% | 29% | 27% | 28% | 292 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 22% | 17% | 26% | 29% | 6% | < 1% | 170 |
| Should be discouraged | 12% | 10% | 23% | 32% | 21% | 3% | 292 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Men | Women | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 36% | 64% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 43% | 57% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: views about homosexuality among members of the Churches of Christ by gender
Racial and ethnic composition among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who identify as…
| Views about homosexuality | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 63% | 17% | < 1% | 14% | 6% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 72% | 17% | 1% | 8% | 2% | 291 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 10% | 7% | 83% | 170 |
| Should be discouraged | 3% | 5% | 91% | 292 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who have a household income of…
| Views about homosexuality | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 42% | 20% | 24% | 13% | 157 |
| Should be discouraged | 36% | 26% | 22% | 17% | 251 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who have completed…
| Views about homosexuality | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 38% | 46% | 9% | 6% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 51% | 31% | 11% | 8% | 292 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 47% | 9% | 12% | 4% | 28% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 55% | 1% | 13% | 12% | 18% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 38% | 62% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 27% | 73% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say they…
| Views about homosexuality | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 72% | 24% | 2% | < 1% | < 1% | 2% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 87% | 8% | 4% | 1% | < 1% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say religion is…
| Views about homosexuality | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 51% | 45% | 4% | < 1% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 86% | 12% | 1% | 1% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who attend religious services…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 34% | 53% | 13% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 65% | 22% | 12% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who pray…
| Views about homosexuality | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 62% | 22% | 6% | 10% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 85% | 11% | 1% | 2% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who attend prayer group…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 24% | 18% | 7% | 51% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 55% | 15% | 7% | 23% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who meditate…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 33% | 8% | 3% | 55% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 47% | 7% | 3% | 41% | 2% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 60% | 20% | 6% | 14% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 80% | 9% | 6% | 5% | 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 36% | 19% | 17% | 27% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 53% | 15% | 7% | 24% | 2% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Views about homosexuality | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 34% | 13% | 48% | 4% | 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 64% | 3% | 29% | 2% | 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say…
| Views about homosexuality | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 26% | 74% | < 1% | < 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 53% | 46% | 2% | < 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who read scripture…
| Views about homosexuality | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 42% | 14% | 15% | 28% | 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 70% | 10% | 4% | 16% | 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say the holy scripture is…
| Views about homosexuality | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 31% | 45% | 3% | 17% | 5% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 58% | 26% | 4% | 8% | 4% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who …in heaven
| Views about homosexuality | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 87% | 5% | 8% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 95% | 2% | 3% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who …in hell
| Views about homosexuality | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 76% | 17% | 6% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 92% | 4% | 4% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who identify as…
| Views about homosexuality | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 40% | 13% | 48% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 56% | 8% | 36% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who are…
| Views about homosexuality | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 34% | 34% | 21% | 11% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 61% | 25% | 8% | 5% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who would rather have…
| Views about homosexuality | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 48% | 49% | < 1% | 2% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 64% | 29% | 3% | 3% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say government aid to the poor…
| Views about homosexuality | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 43% | 55% | < 1% | 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 51% | 44% | 4% | 1% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say abortion should be…
| Views about homosexuality | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 53% | 45% | 2% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 26% | 72% | 2% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who …same-sex marriage
| Views about homosexuality | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 69% | 28% | 3% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 6% | 89% | 4% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say…
| Views about homosexuality | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 39% | 57% | 2% | 2% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 58% | 38% | 1% | 3% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among members of the Churches of Christ by views about homosexuality
% of members of the Churches of Christ who say humans…
| Views about homosexuality | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Should be accepted | 30% | 38% | 2% | 29% | 1% | 172 |
| Should be discouraged | 10% | 23% | 2% | 60% | 5% | 294 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
