Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
14%
28%
31%
27%
357
Don't believe
10%
32%
25%
33%
189
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
12%
5%
25%
38%
16%
3%
357
Don't believe
9%
3%
30%
32%
24%
3%
189
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
46%
54%
364
Don't believe
41%
59%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
95%
1%
1%
1%
2%
363
Don't believe
97%
2%
< 1%
1%
< 1%
193
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
3%
7%
90%
361
Don't believe
2%
8%
90%
194
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
19%
24%
31%
26%
316
Don't believe
15%
22%
33%
30%
173
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
33%
36%
20%
12%
361
Don't believe
25%
32%
23%
20%
194
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
62%
2%
9%
8%
18%
364
Don't believe
64%
8%
7%
8%
13%
194
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
22%
78%
364
Don't believe
31%
69%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
75%
23%
2%
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
52%
39%
4%
< 1%
2%
2%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
63%
31%
5%
1%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
44%
41%
12%
2%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
33%
51%
15%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
35%
49%
16%
< 1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who pray…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
56%
29%
6%
8%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
51%
24%
9%
15%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who attend prayer group…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
18%
9%
12%
61%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
12%
9%
11%
68%
< 1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
12%
4%
55%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
34%
8%
4%
53%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
57%
23%
10%
10%
1%
364
Don't believe
53%
18%
14%
14%
< 1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
39%
22%
14%
24%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
50%
18%
9%
21%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
38%
6%
48%
6%
1%
364
Don't believe
17%
11%
62%
7%
3%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
33%
66%
1%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
23%
77%
1%
< 1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who read scripture…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
27%
15%
16%
42%
< 1%
364
Don't believe
23%
12%
14%
51%
< 1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
26%
48%
2%
19%
4%
364
Don't believe
7%
32%
< 1%
50%
10%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who …in heaven
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
97%
2%
1%
364
Don't believe
69%
21%
10%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
46%
10%
44%
364
Don't believe
40%
9%
51%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who are…
Chart
Table
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
37%
38%
23%
2%
364
Don't believe
24%
45%
28%
3%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who would rather have…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
66%
31%
2%
1%
364
Don't believe
56%
36%
5%
3%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say government aid to the poor…
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
45%
2%
1%
364
Don't believe
41%
52%
5%
2%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
62%
37%
1%
364
Don't believe
72%
23%
5%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say homosexuality…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
69%
28%
2%
1%
364
Don't believe
83%
11%
5%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who …same-sex marriage
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
61%
34%
5%
364
Don't believe
78%
15%
7%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
34%
64%
1%
1%
364
Don't believe
34%
62%
3%
1%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) by belief in hell
% of members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
16%
43%
2%
37%
2%
364
Don't believe
36%
36%
4%
19%
4%
195
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.