Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are ages…
| Gender composition | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 14% | 32% | 31% | 24% | 400 |
| Women | 13% | 30% | 28% | 29% | 452 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by age group
Generational cohort among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
| Gender composition | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 11% | 5% | 30% | 38% | 15% | 2% | 400 |
| Women | 9% | 9% | 26% | 34% | 20% | 3% | 452 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by generational group
Racial and ethnic composition among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who identify as…
| Gender composition | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 96% | 1% | 1% | < 1% | 2% | 398 |
| Women | 94% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 463 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by race/ethnicity
Immigrant status among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
| Gender composition | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 5% | 6% | 89% | 406 |
| Women | 2% | 9% | 89% | 460 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by immigrant status
Income distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who have a household income of…
| Gender composition | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 19% | 20% | 32% | 30% | 365 |
| Women | 27% | 22% | 31% | 20% | 385 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by household income
Educational distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who have completed…
| Gender composition | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 37% | 32% | 18% | 13% | 403 |
| Women | 38% | 29% | 20% | 13% | 465 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by educational group
Marital status among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
| Gender composition | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 64% | 5% | 9% | 3% | 19% | 407 |
| Women | 54% | 5% | 12% | 13% | 15% | 463 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
Parent of children under 18 among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
| Gender composition | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 27% | 73% | 406 |
| Women | 25% | 75% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by parental status
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say they…
| Gender composition | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 57% | 32% | 5% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 407 |
| Women | 68% | 28% | 2% | 1% | 1% | < 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by belief in God
Importance of religion in one's life among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say religion is…
| Gender composition | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 38% | 43% | 16% | 2% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 54% | 37% | 7% | 1% | < 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by importance of religion
Attendance at religious services among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who attend religious services…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 24% | 52% | 24% | < 1% | 407 |
| Women | 28% | 49% | 21% | 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by religious attendance
Frequency of prayer among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who pray…
| Gender composition | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 40% | 29% | 10% | 20% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 53% | 28% | 6% | 11% | 2% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by frequency of prayer
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who attend prayer group…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 11% | 6% | 11% | 72% | < 1% | 407 |
| Women | 13% | 10% | 8% | 68% | 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who meditate…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 26% | 6% | 7% | 61% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 33% | 11% | 3% | 51% | 2% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by frequency of meditation
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 43% | 21% | 13% | 22% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 59% | 17% | 12% | 10% | 2% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 40% | 19% | 14% | 27% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 39% | 18% | 12% | 29% | 3% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Gender composition | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 25% | 8% | 58% | 7% | 2% | 407 |
| Women | 29% | 8% | 54% | 6% | 3% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say…
| Gender composition | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 29% | 69% | 1% | < 1% | 407 |
| Women | 27% | 71% | 1% | 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who read scripture…
| Gender composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 15% | 12% | 19% | 54% | < 1% | 407 |
| Women | 24% | 13% | 13% | 48% | 1% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say the holy scripture is…
| Gender composition | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 12% | 42% | 1% | 36% | 8% | 407 |
| Women | 21% | 37% | 2% | 28% | 11% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …in heaven
| Gender composition | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 79% | 12% | 9% | 407 |
| Women | 82% | 9% | 9% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by belief in heaven
Belief in Hell among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …in hell
| Gender composition | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 60% | 29% | 11% | 407 |
| Women | 55% | 32% | 13% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by belief in hell
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who identify as…
| Gender composition | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 52% | 13% | 35% | 407 |
| Women | 36% | 16% | 48% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by political party
Political ideology among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
| Gender composition | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 43% | 37% | 17% | 2% | 407 |
| Women | 27% | 41% | 26% | 6% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by political ideology
Views about size of government among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who would rather have…
| Gender composition | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 72% | 23% | 4% | 1% | 407 |
| Women | 56% | 34% | 5% | 5% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say government aid to the poor…
| Gender composition | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 54% | 39% | 5% | 2% | 407 |
| Women | 42% | 50% | 4% | 3% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say abortion should be…
| Gender composition | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 63% | 34% | 4% | 407 |
| Women | 66% | 31% | 2% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: gender among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by views about abortion
Views about homosexuality among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say homosexuality…
| Gender composition | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 65% | 28% | 6% | 2% | 407 |
| Women | 76% | 18% | 3% | 3% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …same-sex marriage
| Gender composition | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 56% | 35% | 8% | 407 |
| Women | 69% | 24% | 7% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say…
| Gender composition | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 44% | 54% | 1% | < 1% | 407 |
| Women | 29% | 64% | 3% | 4% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by gender
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say humans…
| Gender composition | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 30% | 39% | 3% | 24% | 4% | 407 |
| Women | 28% | 34% | 4% | 30% | 5% | 467 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
