Age distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are ages…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Married
2%
37%
36%
26%
503
Divorced/separated
3%
27%
45%
25%
103
Widowed
< 1%
2%
12%
86%
107
Never married
66%
21%
7%
7%
105
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Married
1%
4%
35%
43%
17%
1%
503
Divorced/separated
2%
6%
22%
53%
16%
1%
103
Widowed
< 1%
< 1%
2%
19%
64%
16%
107
Never married
51%
21%
15%
10%
3%
< 1%
105
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Men
Women
Sample size
Married
51%
49%
514
Divorced/separated
40%
60%
107
Widowed
19%
81%
109
Never married
52%
48%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Married
95%
2%
2%
< 1%
1%
506
Divorced/separated
95%
1%
< 1%
2%
2%
106
Widowed
99%
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
1%
108
Never married
90%
2%
2%
2%
5%
103
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Married
4%
8%
88%
511
Divorced/separated
1%
2%
97%
107
Widowed
1%
17%
82%
106
Never married
4%
9%
87%
104
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who have a household income of…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Married
13%
14%
37%
36%
443
Divorced/separated
44%
30%
19%
7%
100
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who have completed…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Married
33%
29%
21%
17%
510
Divorced/separated
48%
29%
16%
7%
107
Widowed
57%
28%
9%
6%
108
Never married
38%
36%
19%
7%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Married
34%
66%
513
Divorced/separated
24%
76%
107
Widowed
2%
98%
109
Never married
9%
91%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say they…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Married
66%
28%
3%
1%
1%
2%
514
Divorced/separated
66%
29%
2%
< 1%
3%
< 1%
107
Widowed
75%
14%
3%
4%
3%
1%
109
Never married
49%
39%
7%
< 1%
3%
1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say religion is…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Married
49%
37%
12%
2%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
46%
43%
7%
2%
2%
107
Widowed
73%
19%
7%
< 1%
< 1%
109
Never married
28%
57%
13%
3%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who attend religious services…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
30%
51%
19%
< 1%
514
Divorced/separated
15%
51%
34%
< 1%
107
Widowed
42%
38%
19%
1%
109
Never married
16%
57%
25%
1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who pray…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
49%
28%
9%
13%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
50%
30%
1%
19%
< 1%
107
Widowed
71%
16%
2%
10%
1%
109
Never married
27%
40%
7%
26%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who attend prayer group…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
14%
8%
11%
67%
< 1%
514
Divorced/separated
8%
14%
4%
74%
< 1%
107
Widowed
20%
7%
12%
60%
< 1%
109
Never married
5%
7%
9%
79%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who meditate…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
28%
8%
6%
56%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
36%
6%
3%
55%
< 1%
107
Widowed
51%
9%
4%
32%
4%
109
Never married
16%
11%
4%
69%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
51%
18%
16%
15%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
53%
14%
8%
24%
< 1%
107
Widowed
71%
9%
7%
14%
< 1%
109
Never married
39%
31%
10%
18%
2%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
36%
20%
16%
27%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
46%
10%
13%
29%
2%
107
Widowed
48%
8%
7%
34%
4%
109
Never married
42%
26%
6%
25%
1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Married
29%
9%
53%
5%
3%
514
Divorced/separated
25%
7%
60%
6%
1%
107
Widowed
31%
3%
59%
6%
1%
109
Never married
19%
7%
64%
10%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Married
30%
68%
1%
< 1%
514
Divorced/separated
31%
65%
3%
1%
107
Widowed
30%
69%
< 1%
1%
109
Never married
20%
78%
< 1%
1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who read scripture…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Married
21%
11%
16%
51%
< 1%
514
Divorced/separated
15%
15%
17%
53%
< 1%
107
Widowed
38%
16%
7%
38%
2%
109
Never married
9%
18%
14%
58%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say the holy scripture is…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Married
16%
40%
2%
33%
9%
514
Divorced/separated
15%
39%
< 1%
32%
14%
107
Widowed
37%
35%
5%
11%
12%
109
Never married
14%
41%
1%
39%
6%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …in heaven
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Married
80%
11%
9%
514
Divorced/separated
80%
13%
7%
107
Widowed
86%
8%
5%
109
Never married
83%
6%
11%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …in hell
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Married
57%
31%
12%
514
Divorced/separated
63%
27%
9%
107
Widowed
50%
30%
20%
109
Never married
65%
28%
7%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who identify as…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Married
48%
12%
40%
514
Divorced/separated
41%
17%
42%
107
Widowed
33%
22%
45%
109
Never married
38%
13%
48%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who are…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Married
36%
39%
21%
3%
514
Divorced/separated
40%
29%
28%
3%
107
Widowed
39%
39%
14%
7%
109
Never married
24%
40%
31%
4%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who would rather have…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Married
68%
25%
5%
3%
514
Divorced/separated
59%
37%
1%
3%
107
Widowed
57%
27%
8%
9%
109
Never married
57%
40%
2%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say government aid to the poor…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Married
52%
43%
4%
1%
514
Divorced/separated
41%
48%
6%
5%
107
Widowed
35%
48%
10%
7%
109
Never married
46%
53%
1%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say abortion should be…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Married
67%
31%
2%
514
Divorced/separated
66%
29%
5%
107
Widowed
56%
37%
7%
109
Never married
65%
32%
2%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say homosexuality…
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Married
69%
24%
4%
2%
514
Divorced/separated
73%
23%
2%
2%
107
Widowed
59%
29%
8%
3%
109
Never married
81%
17%
2%
< 1%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
Share
Marital status
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Married
60%
33%
7%
514
Divorced/separated
62%
31%
7%
107
Widowed
46%
37%
17%
109
Never married
77%
17%
6%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say…
Chart
Table
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Marital status
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Married
39%
57%
2%
2%
514
Divorced/separated
28%
68%
2%
1%
107
Widowed
36%
51%
4%
9%
109
Never married
27%
71%
< 1%
2%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among lutherans in the Mainline Tradition by marital status
% of lutherans in the Mainline Tradition who say humans…
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Table
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Marital status
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Married
28%
36%
4%
29%
4%
514
Divorced/separated
25%
36%
4%
28%
6%
107
Widowed
23%
24%
5%
39%
8%
109
Never married
35%
44%
< 1%
18%
2%
106
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.